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簡述腸梗阻患者非手術治療期間腹痛、腹脹的護理措施。

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正確答案:

腸梗阻患者腹痛和腹脹護理:

①禁食、 胃腸減壓: 及時放置胃腸減壓有利于改善局部病變和全身情況。 有效的胃腸減壓對單純性腸梗阻和麻痹性腸梗阻可達到解除梗阻的目的,對需手術者也是必要的術前準備。

②應用解痙劑:在確定無腸絞窄后,可應用阿托品、 654-2 等抗膽堿類藥物,以解除胃腸道平滑肌的痙攣,抑制胃腸道腺體的分泌,使病人腹痛得以緩解;對已明確診斷,腹痛劇烈、影響休息者可適當給予止痛劑。

③減輕腹脹:病人應取低半臥位,減輕腹脹,同時予低流量吸氧,改善肺功能。腹部熱敷或按摩,電針雙側足三里穴,每次 30 分鐘。如無絞窄性腸梗阻,亦可從胃管注入石蠟油,每次 20~30ml,促進腸蠕動。

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