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Passage2
Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Therearetwokindsofmemory:shot-termandlong-term.Informationinlong-termmemorycanberememberedatalatertimewhenitisneeded.Theinformationmaybekeptfordaysorweeks.However,informationoverandover.Thefollowingexperimentshowshowshort-termmemoryhasbeenstudied.
HenningstudiedhowstudentswhoarelearningEnglishasasecondlanguageremembervocabulary.Thesubjectsinhisexperimentwere75collegestudents.TheyrepresentedalllevelsofabilityinEnglish:beginning,intermediate,andnative-speakingstudents.
Tobegin,thesubjectslistenedtoarecordingofanativespeakerreadingaparagraphinEnglish.Followingtherecording,thesubjectstooka15-questiontesttoseewhichwordstheyremembered,eachquestionhadfourchoices.Thesubjectshadtocirclethewordtheyhadheardintherecording.Someofthequestionshadfourchoicesthatsoundalike.Forexample,weather,whether,wither,andwetterarefourwordsthatsoundalike.Someofthequestionshadfourchoicesthathavethesamemeaning.Method,way,manner,andsystemwouldbefourwordswiththesamemeaning.Finallythesubjectstookalanguageproficiencytest.
HenningfoundthatstudentswithalowerproficiencyinEnglishmademoreoftheirmistakesonwordsthatsoundalike;studentswithahigherproficiencymademoreoftheirmistakesonwordsthathavethesamemeaning.Henning’sresultssuggestthatbeginningstudentsholdthesoundofwordsintheirshort-termmemory,andadvancedstudentsholdthemeaningofwordsintheirshort-termmemory.
6.Henningmadetheexperimentinordertostudy.
A.howstudentsrememberEnglishvocabularybyshort-termmemory
B.howstudentslearnEnglishvocabulary
C.howtodevelopstudents’abilityinEnglish
D.howlonginformationinshort-termmemoryiskept
7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Informationinshort-termmemoryisdifferentfromthatinlong-termmemory.
B.Long-termmemorycanbeachievedonlybytraining.
C.Itiseasiertotestshort-termmemorythanlong-termmemory.
D.Henninggaveaseparatetestonvocabularytohisstudents.
8.FromHenning’sresultwecanseethat.
A.beginnershavedifficultydistinguishingthepronunciationofwords
B.advancedstudentsrememberwordsbytheirmeaning
C.itisdifficulttorememberwordsthatsoundalike
D.itisdifficulttorememberwordsthathavethesamemeaning
9.Theword“subjects”inthepassagemeans.
A.memoryB.thethemeoflisteningmaterial
C.abranchofknowledgestudiedD.thestudentsexperimentedon
TEXTD
Personalityis，tolargeextent,inherent--A-typeparentsusuallybringaboutA-typeoffspring.Butthe
environmentmustalsohaveaprofoundeffect,sinceifcompetitionisimprotanttotheparents,itislikelytobecomeamajorfactorlivesoftheirchildren.OneplacewherechildrensoakupAcharacteristicsisschool,whichis,byitsverynature,ahighlycompetitiveinstitution.Toomanyschoolsadoptthe"winatallcosts"moralstandardandmeasuretheirsuccessbysportingachievements.Thecurrentpassionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheirclassmatesoragainsttheclockproducesatwo-layersystem,inwhichcompetitiveAtypesseeminsomewaybetterthantheirB-typefellows.Beingtookeentowincanhavedangerousconsequences:rememberthatPheidippides,thefirstmarathonrunner,droppeddeadsecondsaftersaying:"Rejoice,weconquer!".Byfartheworstformofcompetitioninschoolisthedisproportionateemphasisonexaminations.Itisarareschoolthatallowspupilstoconcentrateonthosethingstheydowell.Themeritsofcompetitionbyexaminationaresomewhatquestionable,butcompetitioninthecertainknowledgeoffailureispositivelyharmful.Obviously,itisneitherpracticalnordesirablethatallAyoungsterschangeinto'B's.Thewouldneedstypes,andschoolshaveanimportantdutytotrytofitachild'spersonalitytohispossiblefutureemployment.Itistopmanagement.16.Accordingtotheauthor,whatfactorscontributetothebuildingofpersonality?
A.inheritance
b.inheritance,competitionandenvironment
c.competition
d.environment
17.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtotheauthorofthepassage?
A.Schoolsusuallyadoptseverecompetitivepolicies.
B.Studentsareoftendividedbycompetitionresults.
C.Schoolisplacewherechildrencultivatetheircharacteristics.
D.Thestrongerdesireforwinning,thebetter.
18.Thephrase"soakup"isclosestinmeaningto____.
A.pullup
b.takeup
c.takein
d.pullin
19.Whatattitudedoestheauthorholdtowardexaminationsinschools?
A.positive
b.negative
c.doubtful
d.neutral
20.whatsuggestiondoestheauthormakeconcerningthemanagementofschools?
A.AllstudentsbemadeintocompetitiveAtypes.
B.Achild'spersonalitybeconsideredinregardtohispossiblefuturejob.
C.AllstudentsbechangedintoBcharacteristics.
D.Schoolsabolishallformsofexaminations.
