翻譯訓(xùn)練：地域特色文明
文明是多彩的，人類文明因多樣才有交流互鑒的價(jià)值。文明是平等的，人類文明因平等才有交流互鑒的前提。文明是包容的，人類文明因包容才有交流互鑒的動(dòng)力。
當(dāng)今世界，人類生活在不同文化、種族、膚色、宗教和不同社會(huì)制度所組成的世界里，各國人民形成了你中有我、我中有你的命運(yùn)共同體。應(yīng)該推動(dòng)不同文明相互尊重、和諧共處，讓文明交流互鑒成為增進(jìn)各國人民友誼的橋梁、推動(dòng)人類社會(huì)進(jìn)步的動(dòng)力、維護(hù)世界和平的紐帶。應(yīng)該從不同文明中尋求智慧、汲取營養(yǎng)，為人們提供精神支撐和心靈慰藉，攜手解決人類共同面臨的各種挑戰(zhàn)。
Civilizations are diverse, and such diversity makes exchanges and mutual learning among them relevant and valuable. Civilizations are equal, and such equality provides the prerequisite for exchanges and mutual learning. Civilizations are inclusive, and such inclusiveness gives the motivation for exchanges and mutual learning among them.
We live in a world with different cultures, ethnic groups, skin colors, religions and social systems, and the people of all countries have become members of an intimate community with a shared destiny. We should encourage different civilizations to respect each other and live in harmony, so that exchanges and mutual learning between them becomes a bridge for promoting friendship between people around the world, an engine driving progress of human society and a bond cementing world peace. We should draw wisdom and nourishment and seek spiritual support and psychological consolation from different civilizations and work together to tackle the challenges facing mankind.
暫無解析
翻譯：
如今，中國正步入老齡化社會(huì)，因此獨(dú)生子女一代面臨著巨大的工作和生活壓力。中國政府開始適當(dāng)調(diào)整計(jì)劃生育政策，允許一些家庭在特殊情況下生育二胎。但調(diào)查顯示，很多夫妻迫于不斷加重的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力，放棄生育二胎。因此，要從根本上解決老齡化的問題不能依靠出生率的上升，最有效的辦法是建立有效的社會(huì)保障制度。
PartIVTranslation
Bymeasuringandchartingtheresultsofmanyexperiments,theyaretryingtofindoutwhatmakesdifferentpeopleperceivetotallydifferentthingsaboutthesamescene.(PassageOne)
To meet the ever increasing demand____oil-refining equipment, the company will produce more of such equipment.
Paragraphs2and3explain________.
Without regular supplies of some hormones our capacity to behave would be seriously impaired; without others we would soon die. Tiny amounts of some hormones can modify moods and actions, our inclination to eat or drink, our aggressiveness or submissiveness, and our reproductive and parental behavior. And hormones do more than influence adult behavior; early in life they help to determine the development of bodily form and may even determine an individual’s behavioral capacities. Later in life the changing outputs of some endocrine glands and the body’s changing sensitivity to some hormones are essential aspects of the phenomena of aging.
Communication within the body and the consequent integration of behavior were considered the exclusive province of the nervous system up to the beginning of the present century. The emergence of endocrinology as a separate discipline can probably be traced to the experiments of Bayliss and Starling on the hormone secretion. This substance is secreted from cells in the intestinal walls when food enters the stomach; it travels through the bloodstream and stimulates the pancreas to liberate pancreatic juice, which aids in digestion. By showing that special cells secret chemical agents that are conveyed by the bloodstream and regulate distant target organs or tissues. Bayliss and starling demonstrated that chemical integration could occur without participation of the nervous system.
The term “hormone” was first used with reference to secretion. Starling derived the term from the Greek hormone, meaning “to excite or set in motion. The term “endocrine” was introduced shortly thereafter “Endocrine” is used to refer to glands that secret products into the bloodstream. The term “endocrine” contrasts with “exocrine”, which is applied to glands that secret their products though ducts to the site of action. Examples of exocrine glands are the tear glands, the sweat glands, and the pancreas, which secrets pancreatic juice through a duct into the intestine. Exocrine glands are also called duct glands, while endocrine glands are called ductless.
1.What is the author’s main purpose in the passage?
A.To explain the specific functions of various hormones.
B.To provide general information about hormones.
C.To explain how the term “hormone” evolved.
D.To report on experiments in endocrinology.
2.The passage supports which of the following conclusions?
A.The human body requires large amounts of most hormones.
B.Synthetic hormones can replace a person’s natural supply of hormones if necessary.
C.The quantity of hormones produced and their effects on the body are related to a person’s age.
D.The short child of tall parents very likely had a hormone deficiency early in life.
3.It can be inferred from the passage that before the Bayliss and Starling experiments, most people believed that chemical integration occurred only___.
A.during sleep.
B.in the endocrine glands.
C.under control of the nervous system.
D.during strenuous exercise.
4.The word “l(fā)iberate” could best be replaced by which of the following?
A.Emancipate B.Discharge C.Surrender D.Save
5.According to the passage another term for exocrine glands is___.
A.duct glands
B.endocrine glands
C.ductless glands
D.intestinal glands.
