The____populatedareawasabreedingplaceforinfectiousdiseases.
A、denselyA
【句意】人口稠密的地區(qū)是傳染病滋生的地方。
【難點】densely意為“稠密地;濃密地;密集地”;sparsely意為“稀地;稀疏地”;improperly意為“不合適地，不協(xié)調地”;poisonously意為“有毒地，引起中毒地”。
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise ; and to integrate action into the process of thinking. Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness. Isenberg's recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers' intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bitsm of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha! experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later.Analysis is inextricably tiedto actionin thinking/actingcycles,in which managers develop thoughtsabout theircompanies and organizations not by analyzing aproblematic situation and then acting, butby acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, seniormanagers often instigatea course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They thenuse the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. Oneimplicationof thinking/actingcycles is that action is often part of definingthe problem,not just of implementing the solution.
1. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to
[A] Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.
[B] Identify a problem.
[C] Bring together disparate facts.
[D] Stipulate clear goals.
2. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentionedin line 1, paragraph 2
[A] They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model ofdecision analysis.
[B] They have not based their analyses on a sufficientlylarge sample of actual managers.
[C] They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than onwhat managers do.
[D] They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.
3. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probablybe one major differencein behavior between Manager X, who uses intuitionto reach decisions,and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis
[A] Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does not.
[B] Manager X checks possiblesolutions toa problem by systematicanalysis ; ManagerY does not.
[C] Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem; ManagerY does not.
[D] Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creatinga solutionto a problem ;Manager X does not.
4. The text provides support for which of the following statements
[A] Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formaldecision analysis.
[B] Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.
[C] Managers'' intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.
[D] Intuitionenables managers to employ theirpracticalexperience more efficiently.
5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text
[A] An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.
[B] A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.
[C] The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.
[D] Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.
漢譯英;我想不起來哪一個熟人沒有手機。今天沒有手機的人是奇怪的，這種人才需要解釋。我們的所有社會關系都儲存在手機的電話本里，可以隨時調出使用。古代只有巫師才能擁有這種法寶。
手機刷新了人與人的關系。會議室門口通常貼著一條通告：請與會者關閉手機。可是會議室里的手機鈴聲仍然響成一片。我們都是普通人，并沒有多少重要的事情。盡管如此， 我們也不會輕易關掉手機。 打開手機象征我們與這個世界的聯(lián)系。手機反映出我們的 "社交饑渴癥 "。最為常見的是，一個人走著走著突然停下來，眼睛盯著手機屏幕發(fā)短信。他不在乎停在馬路中央還是廁所旁邊。
為什么對于手機來電和短信這么在乎?因為我們迫切渴望與社會保持聯(lián)系。
I’dliketohavealongholiday,butI’mreallytoobusyto_____thetime.
Writing：
Anoldsayinggoes“hastmakeswaste”.Writeacompositionofabout400wordstostateyourviewonit.
Idon’tunderstand____believehim.
