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試述工農民主政權行政體制的特點。

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正確答案:

(1) 工農民主政權是工農勞苦大眾當家作主的新型國家政權。

(2) 采取“議行合一”的管理體制。

蘇區所建各級蘇維埃政權既是議事機關,又是行政管理機關。 議決并執行該區域內的一切事宜, 行使立法和行政等一切職權。 在中央政府,人民委員會作為最高行政機關從屬于全國蘇維埃代表大會和中央執行委員會。 在地方政府,各級蘇維埃執行委員會及其主席團既是議事機關, 又是行政機關, 完全按“議行合一”原則組建起來的。

(3) 貫徹民主集中原則。

一方面工農民主政權對人民實行最廣泛的民主,人民有選舉代表參加國家管理的權利, 并對不稱職者有權撤回。 各級蘇維埃政府要對選舉它的工農兵代表大會負責并報告工作。 另一方面工農民主政權實行高度集中。 建立在勞動群眾直接選舉基礎上的蘇維埃政權擁有高度的權力, 能夠集中處理國事, 做到“一切權力歸工農兵代表大會”。工農民主政府的政策法令一經制定頒布,就必須遵守和執行。

(4) 貫徹精簡和效能的原則。

為使蘇維埃政權適合革命戰爭的要求,中華蘇維埃共和國在建立中央和地方行政機構時, 十分重視貫徹精簡和效能原則。 其一,精簡行政機構。在紅色區域,無論中央或地方行政機構,總的來說都比較精簡。其二,嚴格編制定員。對各級政府人員編制作了明確規定。 其三,減少副職,不設虛位。 各行政機關主要負責人實行專職負責。一般不兼任其他工作,各機關不設虛職。

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